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Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies

74+ VitaminDWiki pages with ARTERIES OR ATHEROSCLEROSIS OR CALCIFICATION in title

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Items found: 75

Perplexity & Deep Reasoning on Vitamin D and Atherosclerosis - Feb 2025

Starts with
Atherosclerosis, characterized by chronic arterial plaque formation, remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence positions vitamin D as a critical modulator of atherosclerotic pathways, influencing endothelial function, immune regulation, and vascular homeostasis. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights and clinical evidence to elucidate how vitamin D deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis while exploring the therapeutic potential of supplementation.
Therapeutic Implications and Future Directions
Supplementation Strategies
Current evidence supports targeting 25(OH)D levels of 30–50 ng/mL for cardiovascular protection. Doses of 2,000–4,000 IU/day are generally safe, though obese individuals and those with malabsorption may require higher intake. Combining vitamin D with calcium warrants caution, as co-supplementation may blunt blood pressure benefits despite enhancing PTH suppression.

Personalized Approaches
Genomic studies identify VDR polymorphisms (e.g., BsmI, FokI) that influence vitamin D responsiveness. Carriers of the FokI ff genotype exhibit stronger anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting pharmacogenomic tailoring could optimize outcomes1213. Subgroup analyses also indicate heightened benefits in deficient populations with elevated hs-CRP or hypertension

Novel Pathways and Senescence
Emerging research links vitamin D to cellular senescence—a driver of vascular aging. Vitamin D mitigates senescent cell accumulation in plaques by upregulating klotho and suppressing p16INK4a, potentially delaying atherosclerosis progression. Local intracrine signaling within adipose tissue and macrophages may also modulate plaque stability independently of systemic levels, opening avenues for tissue-targeted therapies

VitaminDWiki – Hypertension category contains

170 items in the category HYPERTENSION

see also
Overview Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D
Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
Overview Stroke and vitamin D
Incidence of 22 health problems related to vitamin D have doubled in a decade
Some interesting Hypertension studies

VitaminDWiki – Metabolic Syndrome contains

108 items

See also

344+ VitaminDWiki Cardiovascular pages with VITAMIN D in the title

This list is automatically updated

Items found: 388
Title Modified
Arterial stiffness reduced if use at least 2,000 IU of Vitamin D for 4 months – meta-analysis Dec 2019 06 Dec, 2019
Blood vessels not helped by small vitamin D doses – meta-analysis Dec 2019 28 Nov, 2019
Acute Coronary Syndrome is associated with poor Vitamin D genes (CYP27B1, CYP24A1) – Nov 2019 15 Nov, 2019
Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019 14 Nov, 2019
Statin pain eliminated by 7100 IU vitamin D (50000 IU weekly) – July 2011 21 Jul, 2019
Peripheral Arterial Disease 3.7 X more likely in diabetics with low vitamin D – June 2019 02 Jul, 2019
Low-dose vitamin D does not help cardiovascular (many were 100-1,000 IU) – meta-analysis June 2019 24 Jun, 2019
Vitamin D supplementation reduces many Cardiovascular Disease markers– meta-analysis July 2018 20 Jun, 2019
Risk of Cardiovascular disease increased 2X if both low vitamin D and high C-reactive protein – April 2019 04 Jun, 2019
C-reactive protein (heart disease marker) reduced by vitamin D – meta-analysis 2014, 2019 21 May, 2019
Bone marrow failure (MDS) is associated with half as much Vitamin D – April 2019 10 Apr, 2019
Heart Failure 15X more likely if poor VDR, even if good level of vitamin D (China) – March 2019 23 Mar, 2019
Daily aspirin reduced chance of heart problems by 0.4 percent (but 50X more reduction if Vitamin D) – Meta-analysis Jan 2019 19 Mar, 2019
Extreme Heat Events increase congenital heart defects (perhaps low vitamin D) - Jan 2019 01 Feb, 2019
Getting Vitamin D before heart surgery prevented Afib in those who had been deficient – July 2018 16 Jan, 2019
Metabolic Syndrome associated with low vitamin D in abdominal obese women – Jan 2019 09 Jan, 2019
Heart problems such as Afib related to little Magnesium, Omega-3, Vitamin D getting to tissues 14 Dec, 2018
Small or infrequent doses of vitamin D do not reduce heart failure much – meta-analysis Jan 2018 24 Nov, 2018
50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly following cardiac failure helps – RCT 2014 24 Nov, 2018
Subclinical Heart injury in men 1.7 more likely if low vitamin D – Sept 2018 08 Oct, 2018
Far fewer health problems from western diet if add Vitamin D (in rats in this study) – May 2018 20 Sep, 2018
Cardiovascular disease is treated by vitamin D, unsure if low Vit D can predict Cardio – Sept 2018 16 Sep, 2018
Cardiovascular risk markers not helped by 20,000 IU of vitamin D weekly – RCT Sept 2018 10 Sep, 2018
50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly for 9 weeks did not improve CVD – Aug 2018 28 Aug, 2018
Vitamin D and Vitamin K together fight CVD Part 1- Pizzorno 28 Aug, 2018
Reduced changes in heart (LVAR) and 2X more survive after heart attack if higher vitamin D – Aug 2018 25 Aug, 2018
Vitamin K, Cardiovascular and interactions with Vitamin D and Vitamin A – Pizzorno July 2018 01 Aug, 2018
17 percent more heart attacks in the winter (perhaps due to low vitamin D) – July 2018 22 Jul, 2018
Hypothesis – Vascular calcification is associated with both too much and too little vitamin D - May 2018 15 Jul, 2018
Atrial fibrillation - Vitamin D improved 1 of 4 measures – March 2015 27 Jun, 2018
Cardiovascular risk markers not helped by 20,000 IU of vitamin D weekly – RCT May 2018 17 May, 2018
Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018 11 May, 2018
Half of Women Over 50 Desperately Need This Potent Nutrient (Vitamin D) – April 2018 04 Apr, 2018
Arterial stiffness reduced by vitamin D 04 Apr, 2018
Heart Failure is predicted by PTH (but vitamin D both prevents and treats HF) – Jan 2018 31 Mar, 2018
Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018 29 Mar, 2018
Open Heart Surgery associated with low vitamin D, but not if 150,000 IU before surgery – RCT March 2018 13 Mar, 2018
Cardiovascular death 40 percent more likely in a decade if chest pain and low Vitamin D - March 2018 07 Mar, 2018
Hypothesis - Dysfunction of Autonomic Nervous System is associated with low vitamin D – April 2017 17 Feb, 2018
Heart cells may be repaired by vitamin D (nanosensors observed nitric oxide in dish) - Jan 2018 01 Feb, 2018
Early menarche, miscarriage and stillbirth are associated with heart disease (all are associated with low Vitamin D) – Jan 2018 18 Jan, 2018
Timeline of Heart Disease, Diabetes, fats, lard, HFCS, and vitamin D – Aug 2012 18 Jan, 2018
Lipoprotein(a) triples the risk of heart attack or stroke unless add Vitamin D, etc. – Jan 2018 09 Jan, 2018
Stroke or coronary heart disease deaths 30% less likely if had taken more than 440 IU of vitamin D (900,000 patient years) – Jan 2018 09 Jan, 2018
Arterial stiffness reduced by Omega-3, Vitamin D, Vitamin K2, Magnesium, etc. 06 Jan, 2018
Cardiometaboic problems decreased with increased Vitamin D, unless low Magnesium – Aug 2017 29 Dec, 2017
Congenital heart defects twice as likely if low vitamin D while pregnant – Feb 2018 27 Dec, 2017
Atrial Fibrillation strongly associated with some vitamin D binding protein – Dec 2017 09 Dec, 2017
Hypothesis - Low Vitamin D causes Cardiovascular diseases - Dec 2016 03 Dec, 2017
Cardiac Surgery and active vitamin D – quickly dropped by 29 percent, 6 more days in hospital if deficient – Nov 2017 20 Nov, 2017
Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017 18 Nov, 2017
Heart Attack increased risk of vascular dementia by 1.35 X (both associated with low vitamin D) Oct 2017 15 Nov, 2017
Risk that Heart does not pump enough (ejection fraction) is 2.5 X more likely if low vitamin D – Oct 2017 14 Nov, 2017
Coronary Artery Disease risk both increased and decreased by 30 percent with mutations in Vitamin D Binding – April 2016 09 Nov, 2017
Coronary Heart Disease 57 percent more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein with high PTH – Nov 2017 08 Nov, 2017
Heart Failure Quality of Life greatly improved by 10,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Oct 2017 01 Nov, 2017
Cardiovascular Diseases associated with both Vitamin D and innate immune system (TLR) – Oct 2017 28 Oct, 2017
Intracranial arterial calcification in 85 percent of ischemic strokes (Vitamin K and Vitamin D should help) – Oct 2017 27 Oct, 2017
Vitamin D Binding Protein and Coronary artery disease – Oct 2017 26 Oct, 2017
Heart Disease 40 percent more likely in women having poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – Sept 2017 26 Oct, 2017
Decalcify Aortic Valve – 3 year trial with 1 mg of Vitamin K and 5,000 IU of Vitamin D – 2021 21 Oct, 2017
Heart Failure patients 4 X less likely to benefit from pacemaker (CRT) if low vitamin D – Oct 2017 11 Oct, 2017
Anemia (in heart failure) not treated by Vitamin D (they should have added Iron) – RCT Aug 2017 25 Aug, 2017
Depression in cardiovascular patients is associated with less than 15 ng vitamin D – June 2010 23 Aug, 2017
Heart Failure with depression increases risk of death by 9.5 X if low vitamin D – Aug 2017 23 Aug, 2017
Heart problems in obese increase if deficient in BOTH Vitamin D and Magnesium – Aug 2017 23 Aug, 2017
Acute Heart Failure length of stay and readmission rates cut in half if high vitamin D – Aug 2017 20 Aug, 2017
Heart failure among 137 seniors 12X more likely if low vitamin D – Aug 2017 17 Aug, 2017
Chronic Heart Failure – not enough evidence that Vitamin D helps (but lots of evidence for other cardiovascular problems) – Aug 2017 14 Aug, 2017
Obstructive coronary artery disease 2.9 X more likely if chest pain and low vitamin D – Aug 2016 09 Aug, 2017
Fast blood flow 6.8 X more likely if high vitamin D AND high vitamin K – Aug 2017 09 Aug, 2017
Cardiovascular calcification prevented by Omega-3, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Vitamin D – April 2015 09 Aug, 2017
Heart Failure not helped by Vitamin D (several strange things about the trial) – RCT May 2017 24 May, 2017
Cardiovascular diseases – conflicting data on benefits of Omega-3 and vitamin D – Feb 2014 24 May, 2017
Vitamin D reduces inflammation (heat shock protein) – Aug 2012 18 May, 2017
Congestive Heart Failure patients helped with Vitamin D intervention – May 2013 07 Apr, 2017
Vitamin D augmented conventional Congestive Heart Failure treatment in perhaps 10 ways – case reports April 2017 07 Apr, 2017
Why 100,000 IU of vitamin D monthly did not reduce Cardiovascular Disease – RCT April 2017 06 Apr, 2017
Angina dramatically reduced by injections of vitamin D twice a month (300,000 IU) – Jan 2015 05 Apr, 2017
7X increased chance of death if coronary artery disease and low vitamin D – Oct 2013 20 Mar, 2017
Cardiovascular deaths 12 percent less likely if have 10 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017 03 Mar, 2017
New blood vessels (angiogenesis) is regulated by Vitamin D – 2016 01 Mar, 2017
Vitamin D reduces chance of a second heart attack and death – Jan 2017 01 Mar, 2017
Acute Coronary Syndrome twice as bad if low vitamin D – May 2015 27 Feb, 2017
Smoking associated with 2 times fewer heart problems if high vitamin D – Sept 2016 21 Feb, 2017
Higher vitamin D levels associated with fewer vein clots decades later– Jan 2013 28 Jan, 2017
Chance of death after heart failure reduced by 1000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2012 04 Jan, 2017
Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015 04 Jan, 2017
ALL of the top 10 health problems of women are associated with low vitamin D 22 Dec, 2016
Less than 900 IU of Vitamin D and Calcium do not cause cardiovascular problems – Dec 2016 20 Dec, 2016
What can Vitamin D learn from Baby Aspirin 12 Dec, 2016
Baby aspirin reduces heart problems - Vitamin D much better– Jan 2012 12 Dec, 2016
Vitamin D for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Are we ready for that - June 2015 25 Nov, 2016
Hypothesis: Atherosclerosis in Ancient and Modern Humans due to low vitamin D (behind paywall) - May 2015 25 Nov, 2016
Atherosclerosis – higher risk due to low vitamin D than HDL – Feb 2015 25 Nov, 2016
Yet another heart problem, Cardiac X syndrome, is associated with low vitamin D – 2016 23 Nov, 2016
Why is too much vitamin D bad for bad hearts – Jan 2014 29 Oct, 2016
Cardiac syndrome X patients have very low vitamin D levels – April 2016 29 Oct, 2016
800 IU of vitamin D is not enough to help Cardiovascular Disease (found again) – Oct 2016 25 Oct, 2016
800 IU Vitamin D does not help heart – meta-analysis Aug 2011 25 Oct, 2016

133,000 medical papers on Atherosclerosis and "Vitamin D" (Feb 2025)

Google Scholar

  • Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure - Sept 2020 - DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186483 FREE PDF
  • Vitamin D and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease - April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00194 FREE PDF
  • Clinical and biomarker modifiers of vitamin D treatment response: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis - March 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab390 FREE PDF
  • Serum Level of Vitamin D Is Associated with Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women - Sept 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111139 FREE PDF
  • The Effect of Vitamin D on Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Propensity Score Matched Case–Control Coronary CTA Study - July 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8080085    PDF
    • "Patients with serum vitamin D (OH) levels >60 ng/mL had higher plaque density (p = 0.04), indicating more calc ified and less vulnerable plaque. Conclusions: In this retrospective case–control cohort study, vitamin D supplementation was associated with less high-risk plaque, less non-calcified plaque burden, and a higher calcified plaque independent of CV risk factors."
  • Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Vitamin D Deficiency - June 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000386 PDF is behind paywall
  • Vitamin D level is associated with severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis and incidence of acute coronary syndromes in non-diabetic cardiac patients - March 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2019.83291  PDF

44,400 medical papers on Atherosclerosis and "Vitamin K" (Feb 2025)

Google Scholar

  • An L-shaped relationship between dietary vitamin K and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - June 2024 FREE PDF
  • Quantifying dietary vitamin K and its link to cardiovascular health: a narrative review - March 2020    PDF
  • Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials - Sept 2020 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102909    PDF
    • "While vitamin K supplementation clearly improves the carboxylation of dephosphoylated MGP, its role in mitigating vascular calcification is uncertain, based on current evidence."
  • Extent of arterial calcification by conventional vitamin K antagonist treatment - Oct, 2020    PDF
  • Vitamin K supplementation and vascular calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials- May 2023    PDF

VitaminDWiki - 26 studies in both categories Cardiovascular and Vitamin K

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Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies        
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19736 vit K meta_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 481.08 Kb 314
19735 Extent of arterial calcification_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 422.96 Kb 288
19734 Vitamin K and Calcification_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 133.60 Kb 154
19733 Vitamin K CVD_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 266.82 Kb 309
19732 Quantifying dietary vitamin K and its link to cardiovascular heal_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 213.94 Kb 293
19731 AOMS_Art_35959-10.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 105.89 Kb 367
19730 Atherosclerosis Propensity_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 283.72 Kb 348