Preterm birth risk increased 1.6 X if supplement with Calcium – Oct 2024

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The association between preterm birth and the supplementation with vitamin D and calcium during pregnancy

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Volume 63, Oct 2024, Pages 748-756 partial free PDF, full PDF is behind a paywall

Background and aim
Although vitamin D (VD) supplementation or calcium supplementation during pregnancy has become publicly accepted and part of health care behavior, the effect of co-supplementation on preterm birth remains unclear.

Objective
To explore whether the supplementation with vitamin D and calcium during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth.

Methods
The study was the baseline survey from the birth cohort in Jinan, which was built at one month after the baby birth. Preterm birth and monthly VD and calcium supplementation during pregnancy were obtained by the questionnaire. The logistic model was conducted to exam the association. The distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to explore the critical window for the supplements.

Results
Preterm birth occurred in 4.4 % (285/6501) of the study subjects with single live births and the rates were 39.7% and 82.6% for single VD supplementation or calcium supplementation in pregnancy. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for preterm birth was 1.428 (1.115–1.829) related to VD and 0.883 (0.652–1.216) related to calcium. It is interesting to note that the increased risk of preterm birth with VD supplementation during pregnancy was only seen in pregnant women who supplemented with calcium (OR was 1.600) and had a significant increase in preterm birth weight (P = 0.040). Besides, supplementation VD with calcium during pregnancy from the 3rd to 6th month during pregnancy was associated with preterm birth (OR3rd = 1.216, 95% CI: 1.119–1.320; OR 4th = 1.275, 95% CI: 1.152–1.411; OR 5th = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.130–1.446; OR6th = 1.208, 95% CI: 1.076–1.356). Moreover, birth weight mediated 10.8% of the total effect of supplementation on preterm birth.

Conclusion
Women who supplemented with VD among taking calcium during pregnancy were more likely to experience preterm birth, and birth weight partly mediates the effect. The critical window for association between supplements and preterm birth may be from the 3rd to 6th weeks of pregnancy.

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Serum calcium level at 32 weeks of gestation could be applied as a predictor of preterm delivery: a retrospective study - Aug 2024

European Journal of Medical Research August 2024
Jingjing Zhang, Chong Fan, Chenyang Xu, Yuhan Zhang, Jingyan Liu, Chunxiu Zhou, Shanwu Feng & Yuru Fan

Preterm delivery (PTD) is associated with severe adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and higher medical costs. Therefore, PTD warrants more attention. However, predicting PTD remains a challenge for researchers. This study aimed to investigate potential prenatal predictors of PTD. We retrospectively recruited pregnant women who experienced either PTD or term delivery (TD) and underwent laboratory examinations at 32 weeks of gestation. We compared the test results between the two groups and performed logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify risk factors and predictive factors for PTD. Our investigation revealed that the PTD cohort exhibited statistically significant elevations in lymphocyte count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, calcium, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, and total bile acids. Conversely, the PTD group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mean corpuscular volume, homocysteine, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophils to (white blood cells–neutrophils) ratio (dNLR), and (neutrophils × monocytes) to lymphocyte ratio (SIRI). The ROC curve analysis revealed that calcium had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.705, with a cut-off value of 2.215. Logistic regression analysis showed that premature rupture of membranes was an independent risk factor for PTD. Our study demonstrated that serum calcium levels, NLR, dNLR, and other laboratory tests conducted at 32 weeks of gestation can serve as predictors for PTD. Furthermore, we identified premature rupture of membranes as a risk factor for PTD.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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VitaminDWiki – Calcium hazards and bioavailability contains

• All items with Calcium in VitaminDWiki 233 items
• Supplements taken by the founder of VitaminDWiki he takes Calcium from Red Marine Algae
• Calcium from food or supplements associated with more deaths (US Cohort of 31,000 people) – April 2019
• More Calcium absorbed with more vitamin D – 6.7% more with 4000 IU – RCT March 2014
• Decrease Calcium and Increase Magnesium when increasing vitamin D
• Calcium supplements proven to NOT reduce fractures, but are proven to INCREASE heart problems – July 2015
• More than 1.4 grams of Calcium increased male death rate by 1.4 X – Sept 2018
• 10,000 IU of Vitamin D is too much if you also take Calcium supplements – RCT Sept 2018
• Calcium Essential to Limit Osteoporosis but Avoid Excess, Say Europeans - Nov 2017
• Hypercalcemia can result from excess Vitamin D (if not reduce Ca or increase water) Oct 2016
• Must balance co-factors when increasing vitamin D 500 Ca, 500 Mg - which has the following concept graph

• More than 800 mg of Calcium increases Cardiovascular events by 85 %– Nov 2011

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156+ VitaminDWiki pages have PREEMIE or PRE-TERM in the title

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