Assessment of 25-OH vitamin D levels and abnormal blood pressure response in female patients with cardiac syndrome X.
Anatol J Cardiol. 2016 Apr 25. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.6862. [Epub ahead of print]
Babür Güler G1, Güler E2, Hatipoglu S3, Günes HM2, Geçmen Ç4, Demir GG2, Barutçu I2.
CSX 9.9 ng/mL, controls 18 ng/mL (not very healthy)
CSX Wikipedia
- “Cardiac syndrome X is angina (chest pain) with signs associated with decreased blood flow to heart tissue but with normal coronary arteries. Cardiac syndrome X is sometimes referred to as microvascular angina when there are findings of microvascular dysfunction.”
- “Some studies have found increased risk of other vasospastic disorders in cardiac syndrome X patients, such as migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon.”
Note by VitaminDWiki: migraine and Raynaud's are both associated with low vitamin D
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Download Cardiac Syndrome X – Update 2014 from VitaminDWiki
See also VitaminDWiki
VitaminDWiki Cardiovascular pages with "Cardiac syndrome X" in title (3 as of Nov 2022)
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OBJECTIVE:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) involves many pathways that are influenced by vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and abnormal blood pressure response to exercise in patients with CSX.
METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional and observational study. Fifty females with normal epicardial coronary arteries who presented with typical symptoms of rest or effort angina and 41 healthy age-matched female controls, were included. Patients with cardiomyopathy, severe valvular disease, congenital heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy were excluded. All patients underwent stress electrocardiography examination and 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D level measurements.
RESULTS:
Levels of 25-OH vitamin D were significantly lower in CSX patients (9.8±7.3 ng/mL vs. 18.1±7.9 ng/mL; p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (188±15 mm Hg vs. 179±17 mm Hg; p=0.013) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (98±9 mm Hg vs. 88±9 mm Hg; p<0.001) during peak exercise were higher in CSX patients. Levels of 25-OH vitamin D were negatively correlated with peak SBP (r=-0.310, p=0.004) and peak DBP (r=-0.535, p<0.001) during exercise. To discard the multicollinearity problem, two different models were used for multivariate analyses. In the first model, metabolic equivalents (METs) (p=0.003) and 25-OH vitamin D levels (p=0.001) were independent predictors. METs (p=0.007), 25-OH vitamin D levels (p=0.008), and peak DBP were determined as independent predictors in the second multivariate model.
CONCLUSION:
In patients with CSX, 25-OH vitamin D levels were lower than those in controls; moreover, 25-OH vitamin D deficiency was also associated with higher levels of peak DBP during exercise.
PMID: 27271477