Vitamin D nanoemulsion corrected deficiency and improved bones in 1 week (high dose in rats) – Jan 2019

Stabilization of Vitamin D in Pea Protein Isolate Nanoemulsions Increases Its Bioefficacy in Rats

Nutrients 2019, 11(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010075 (registering DOI)
Ali M. Almajwal 1,* , Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty 1,2, Hao Feng 3, Nawaf W. Alruwaili 3, Astrid Dominguez-Uscanga 3, Juan E. Andrade 3,*, Suhail Razak 1 and Mohamed F. ElSadek 1
1 Dept of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
2 Dept of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
3 Dept of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Fortification: Traditional and New Strategies to Combat Micronutrient Deficiencies)

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Table 2. Concentration of several blood biomarkers of VitD deficiency in rats after one week of dietary treatments.

GROUP	What it means Typically for week 6
Control	Rats fed Vitamin D from birth
Nano-control	Nano, without Vit D
Oil-control	Oil, without Vit D
Nano-VitD	Nano + Vitamin D
Oil-VitD	Oil + Vitamin D

Daily nanoemulsion improved bone measureents in just 1 week!!

Table 3. Histomorphometric parameters among study groups.

.Note: Improved bone in growing rats does not imply improved bone in elderly humans (osteoporosis)

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Abstract
Micronutrient delivery formulations based on nanoemulsions can enhance the absorption of nutrients and bioactives, and thus, are of great potential for food fortification and supplementation strategies. The aim was to evaluate the bioefficacy of vitamin D (VitD) encapsulated in nanoemulsions developed by sonication and pH-shifting of pea protein isolate (PPI) in restoring VitD status in VitD-deficient rats. Weaned male albino rats (n = 35) were fed either normal diet AIN-93G (VitD 1000 IU/kg) (control group; n = 7) or a VitD-deficient diet (<50 IU/kg) for six weeks (VitD-deficient group; n = 28). VitD-deficient rats were divided into four subgroups (n = 7/group). Nano-VitD and Oil-VitD groups received a dose of VitD (81 µg) dispersed in either PPI-nanoemulsions or in canola oil, respectively, every other day for one week. Their control groups, Nano-control and Oil-control, received the respective delivery vehicles without VitD. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VitD], parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, P, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured. After one week of treatment, the VitD-deficient rats consuming Nano-VitD recovered from Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as compared against baseline and had serum 25(OH)VitD higher than the Nano-control. Enhancement in VitD status was followed with expected changes in serum PTH, Ca, P, and ALP levels, as compared against the controls. Stabilization of VitD within PPI-based nanoemulsions enhances its absorption and restores its status and biomarkers of bone resorption in VitD-deficient rats.

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