- Summary of trial by Grassrootshealth
- Same information as above,
but includes probability information and can be translated to other languages - 8+ VitaminDWiki pages concern the VITAL trial
- See also VitaminDWiki
- Vitamin D and Omega-3 category starts with
- Omega-3 and Meta-analysis (items in both categories)
- Review of the study by the Washington Post - April 2019
Summary of trial by Grassrootshealth
Same information as above,
but includes probability information and can be translated to other languages
Statistically Significant Omega-3 Results from
Pre-specified Secondary Outcomes and Subgroup Analyses
p <0.05 for the association to be probable
Smaler p = more probable
| Omega-3 vs. Placebo Secondary Outcomes | Reduced Risk | p |
| Heart Attack | 28% | p=0.002) |
| Major CVD event (heart attack, stroke, or death from cardiovascular cause) | ||
| Fish consumption <1.5 servings/wk | 19% | p=0.03) |
| African Americans with <1.5 servings of fish/wk | 39% | p=0.049) |
| Secondary Outcomes - Subgroup Analyses Heart Attack | ||
| African Americans | 77% | p=<0.0001) |
| African Americans with diabetes | 94% | p=0.005) |
| African Americans with 1 cardiovascular risk factor | 72% | p=0.047) |
| African Americans with 2+ cardiovascular risk factors | 84% | p=0.001) |
| Fish consumption <1.5 servings/wk | 40% | p=0.0007) |
| Non-Hispanic Caucasians with <1.5 servings of fish/wk | 29% | p=0.04) |
| African Americans with <1.5 servings of fish/wk | 77% | p=0.003) |
| African Americans with ≥1.5 servings of fish/wk | 79% | p=0.01) |
| Age <66.7 years (median age) | 40% | p=0.005) |
| Males | 28% | p=0.02) |
| Non-current Smokers | 21% | p=0.04) |
| Current Smokers | 62% | p=0.02) |
| Medication-treated diabetes | 60% | p=0.0003) |
| Medication-treated hypertension | 42% | p=0.0002) |
| Taking cholesterol medication | 35% | p=0.02) |
| Without parental history of heart attack | 29% | p=0.008) |
| Not assigned to vitamin D | 29% | p=0.02) |
| With 2+ cardiovascular risk factors | 43% | p=0.001) |
| With baseline aspirin use | 36% | p=0.007) |
| With baseline statin use | 32% | p=0.04) |
| All-Cause Mortality | ||
| African Americans with <1.5 servings of fish/wk | 36% | p=0.03) |
| Omega-3 vs. Placebo Post-Hoc Outcomes | ||
| Death from Heart Attack | 50% | p=0.04) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; stent) | 22% | p=0.02) |
| Coronary heart disease (heart attack, PCI, CVD death) | 17% | p=0.02) |
8+ VitaminDWiki pages concern the VITAL trial
This list is automatically updated
See also VitaminDWiki
- Vitamin D and Omega-3 may treat Type 1 Diabetes – RCT 2024
- Omega-3 added during pregnancy helps in many ways – Cochrane Review of RCTs Nov 2018
- Bioavailability etc. of Omega-3 – Nov 2018
- Omega-3 and Human Health: chapter in a book – Oct 2018
- Omega-3 index - good level needed 2.4 grams of regular Omega-3 - Grassroots Nov 2018 extensive information
Vitamin D and Omega-3 category starts with
413 Omega-3 items in category Omega-3 helps with: Autism (7 studies), Depression (28 studies), Cardiovascular (34 studies), Cognition (52 studies), Pregnancy (46 studies), Infant (34 studies), Obesity (14 studies), Mortality (7 studies), Breast Cancer (5 studies), Smoking, Sleep, Stroke, Longevity, Trauma (12 studies), Inflammation (18 studies), Multiple Sclerosis (9 studies), VIRUS (12 studies), etcCIlck here for details
Omega-3 and Meta-analysis (items in both categories)
- Small doses for a short time rarely help (Omega-3, post surgery this time) – meta-analysis Nov 2023
- Eating Fish – 17 health benefits (Omega-3 and perhaps Vitamin D) – umbrella review Feb 2023
- Blood pressure reduced if take more than 4.5 grams of Omega-3 daily– umbrella meta-analysis Aug 2022
- Omega-3 increases Vitamin D levels – Meta-analysis May 2022
- Omega-3 improves elderly muscles – 2 meta-analyses
- Mental disorders fought by Omega-3 etc. - meta-meta-analysis Oct 2019
- Breast Cancer reduced 20 percent by fish (Omega-3) – meta-analysis Feb 2019
- Anxiety severity reduced if more than 2 grams of Omega-3 – meta-analysis Sept 2018
- ICU length of stay reduced when supplement with Omega-3 – meta-analysis July 2018
- Breast Cancer rate reduced by 40 percent with Omega-3 – meta-analysis June 2013
- Omega-3 reduced time in hospital and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery – meta-analysis May 2016
- Unipolar depression treated by Omega-3, Zinc, and probably Vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2017
- 2.7 fewer days in hospital after surgery if had taken Omega-3 (19 RCT) – meta-analysis – June 2017
- Sepsis: 4 fewer days in ICU if add Omega-3 – meta-analysis of 12 RCT – June 2017
- Health problems prevented by eating nuts (perhaps due to Magnesium and or Omega-3) – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease treated by Omega-3 – three meta-analysis 2016-2017
- Omega-3 helps childhood cognition – meta-analysis April 2016
- Preterm birth extended by 2 weeks with Omega-3 – Meta-analysis Nov 2015
- Atrial fibrillation sometimes treated by Omega-3 – meta-analysis Sept 2015
- Cognitive decline in elderly slowed by Omega-3 – meta-analysis May 2015
- Hypertension reduced by Omega-3, especially if previously untreated – meta-analysis July 2014
- Omega-3 does not help heart patients – meta-analysis Sept 2012
- Vitamin D and omega-3 are the only supplements which show benefit in meta-analysis – Jan 2012
Review of the study by the Washington Post - April 2019
Don’t throw away your vitamin D supplements yet
"The VITAL study was poorly designed and the results have not been adequately explained in the abstract and in the press coverage. The vitamin D status of many participants was above average and the dose (2000 IU/d vitamin D3) was too low to find beneficial results for cancer incidence for the entire group. However, for those with BMI <25 kg/m2, there was a 24% reduction in all-cancer incidence. For blacks, who have lower vitamin D status than whites, there was a 23% reduction in all-cancer incidence. When the first 1-2 years of the study are omitted, there was a 21 and 25% reduction in all-cancer mortality rate. Thus, this study adds to the literature that UVB exposure and vitamin D reduce the risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Had the authors designed and analyzed the results based on achieved vitamin D status, the results would have been much stronger. One wonders whether the reporting of the results has buried the positive findings in order to benefit our disease-treatment system rather than to reduce the burden of unnecessary disease."